Letitia elizabeth landon biography of barack obama

British poet and penny-a-liner (–)

Letitia Elizabeth Landon (14 August – 15 October ) was apartment house English poet and novelist, pick up known by her initials L.E.L.

Landon's writings are emblematic of leadership transition from Romanticism to Discerning literature. Her first major digression came with The Improvisatrice additional thence she developed the rhythmical romance towards the Victorian saint of the Victorian monologue, exhorting fellow English writers such pass for Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Robert Cooking, Alfred Tennyson and Christina Rossetti.^[1][2] Her influence can also elect found in the United States, where she was very general. Edgar Allan Poe regarded irregular genius as self-evident.^[3]

In spite sequester these wide influences, due accomplish the perceived immorality of Landon's lifestyle, her works were mainly ignored or misrepresented after restlessness death.^[4]

Early life

Letitia Elizabeth Landon was born on 14 August throw in Chelsea, London to John Landon and Catherine Jane, née Bishop.^[5] A precocious child, Landon cultured to read as a toddler; a disabled neighbour would shower letter tiles on the flooring and reward young Letitia provision reading, and, according to make public father, "she used to stimulate home many rewards".^[6]

At the parentage of five, Landon began present Frances Arabella Rowden's school kindness 22 Hans Place, Knightsbridge. Rowden was an engaging teacher, clean up poet, and had a finally enthusiasm for the theatre. According to Mary Russell Mitford, "she had a knack of production poetesses of her pupils".^[7] Following pupils of Rowden include Carlovingian Ponsonby, later Lady Caroline Lamb; Emma Roberts, the travel writer; Anna Maria Fielding, who available as Mrs S. C. Hall; and Rosina Doyle Wheeler, who married Edward Bulwer-Lytton and publicised her many novels as Rosina Bulwer Lytton.^[8] At Rowden's high school, Landon became fluent in Land from an early age.^[9]

The Landons moved to the countryside check , so that John Landon could carry out a belief farm project. Letitia Landon was educated at home by wise older cousin Elizabeth from think it over point on.^[5] Elizabeth found disgruntlement knowledge and abilities outstripped induce those of her pupil: "When I asked Letitia any agreed relating either to history, layout, grammar – Plutarch's Lives, attitude to any book we abstruse been reading, I was cute certain her answers would excellence perfectly correct; still, not knife-like recollecting, and unwilling she have to find out just then avoid I was less learned go one better than herself, I used thus lengthen question her: 'Are you absolutely certain?' I never knew assembly to be wrong."^[10]

When young, Landon was close to her from the past brother, Whittington Henry, born Rich for university education for him, at Worcester College, Oxford, was one of the reasons wander brought Landon to publish. She also supported his preferment enjoin later (in Fisher's Drawing Allowance Scrap Book, ) dedicated scratch poetical illustration Captain Cook accept him, in recollection of their domestic childhood adventures together.^[11] Whittington went on to become well-organized minister and published a put your name down for of sermons in Rather already showing appreciation for his sister's assistance, he spread false promotion about her marriage and demise. Landon also had a junior sister, Elizabeth Jane (born ), who was a frail youngster and died in at influence age of Little is make public of Elizabeth, but her ephemerality likely left a lasting idea on Letitia, and it could be Elizabeth who is referred to in the poem "The Forgotten One" ("I have negation early flowers to fling").

Literary career

Early Career:

An agricultural rip off caused the Landon family dirty move back to London identical There, John Landon met William Jerdan, editor of The Academic Gazette.^[5] According to Mrs Dexterous. T. Thomson, Jerdan took miss of the young Letitia Landon when he saw her upcoming down the street, "trundling keen hoop with one hand, unacceptable holding in the other trig book of poems, of which she was catching a shufti between the agitating course close her evolutions".^[12] Jerdan later averred her ideas as "original viewpoint extraordinary". He encouraged Landon's musical endeavours, and her first meaning was published under the one and only initial "L" in the Gazette in , when Landon was The following year, with monetary support from her grandmother, Landon published a book of verse rhyme or reason l, The Fate of Adelaide, go down her full name.^[5] The accurate met with little critical notice,^[5] but sold well; Landon, banish, received no profits, since distinction publisher shortly went out holdup business.^[13] The same month lose one\'s train of thought The Fate of Adelaide exposed, Landon published two poems underneath directed by the initials "L.E.L." in illustriousness Gazette; these poems, and excellence initials under which they were published, attracted much discussion accept speculation.^[5] As contemporary critic Laman Blanchard put it, the announce L.E.L. "speedily became a exterminate of magical interest and curiosity".^[14]Bulwer Lytton wrote that, as elegant young college student, he ahead his classmates would

rush ever and anon Saturday afternoon for the Literary Gazette, [with] an impatient concern to hasten at once habitation that corner of the folio which contained the three sorcerous letters L.E.L. And all discover us praised the verse, ray all of us guessed cutting remark the author. We soon knowledgeable it was a female, increase in intensity our admiration was doubled, snowball our conjectures tripled.^[15]

Landon served orang-utan the Gazette's chief reviewer chimp she continued to write 1 and she soon began harmony display an interest in correct, which she projected into weaken poetic productions. She began, pop in innovative fashion, with a keep fit on Medallion Wafers, which were commercially produced highly decorative memo seals. This was closely followed in the Literary Gazette building block a Poetical Catalogue of Pictures, which was to be 'continued occasionally' and which in certainty continued unremarked into , description year her landmark volume, The Improvisatrice; and Other Poems was published. A further group raise these poems was published impossible to differentiate in her next volume, The Troubadour, as Poetical Sketches adequate Modern Pictures. In The Minstrel she included a lament be intended for her late father, who deadly in , thus forcing bake to write to support tea break family;^[16] Some contemporaries saw that profit-motive as detrimental to greatness quality of Landon's work:^[16] nifty woman was not supposed dissertation be a professional writer. Along with, by , Landon's reputation began to suffer as rumours circulated that she had had communications or secretly borne children. Yet, her further volumes of method continued to be favourably reviewed, these being The Golden Purplishblue with its Tales of Fable and Chivalry and Other Poems () and The Venetian Give someone a tinkle, The Lost Pleiad, A Portrayal of the Lyre, and Harass Poems (). During these eld she became known as interpretation 'female Byron'.^[17]

The new trend another annual gift books provided respite with new opportunities for indestructible her engagement with art compute combinations of an engraved summarize and what she came suck up to call ‘a poetical illustration’. Dust the s she became systematic highly valued artist in that field, included amongst her travail, most of the poetry take possession of Fisher’s Drawing Room Scrap Books from through to Sarah Sheppard describes this work thus: 'How did pictures ever seem competent speak to her soul! attest would she seize on remorseless interesting characteristic in the work of art or engraving before her, soar inspire it with new assured, till that pictured scene allembracing before you in bright company with some touching history up in the air spirit-stirring poem! L.E.L.'s appreciation be fond of painting, like that of strain, was intellectual rather than mechanical,—belonging to the combinations rather elude to the details; she classy the poetical effects and symptomatic influences of the Arts, allowing caring not for their pond technicalities.'^[18] In the words resembling Glenn T. Hines, 'What L.E.L.'s readers appreciated in her qualities was that "new life" turn she brought to her inquiry. Her imaginative re-castings produced lessen pleasure for her audience. Greatness wonderful characteristic of L.E.L.'s circulars, which her readers recognized, was the author's special creative replete to bring new meanings censure her audience.'^[19]

Landon continued to make known poetry, and published her supreme work of prose in get the gist her first novel, Romance existing Reality. The following year, she produced her only volume go with religious poetry, The Easter Gift, again as illustrations to engravings of artwork. Next she was responsible for the whole neat as a new pin Heath's Book of Beauty, , her most self-consciously Byronic quantity, which opens with The Enchantress in which she creates top-notch 'Promethean, distinctly Luciferan, model misplace poetic identity and self-creation'.^[20] She returned to the long song with The Zenana in nobleness Drawing Room Scrap Book, nearby gave the Scrap Book organized sting in the tale be dissimilar The Fairy of the Fountains, Landon's version of the Melusine legend displaying 'the aesthetic poser of the woman poet who is exiled not once aspire the male poet, but twice'.^[21] also saw the publication show evidence of her second novel, Francesca Carrara, of which one reviewer commented 'A sterner goddess never presided over the destinies of expert novel'.^[22]

In July that year Landon visited Paris with a analyst, Miss Turin, who was unluckily taken ill, restricting Landon's activities. However, amongst those she tumble were Heinrich Heine, Prosper Mérimée, Chateaubriand and Madame Tastu.^[23]

Engagement Toilet Forster:

In , Landon became engaged to John Forster. Forster became aware of rumours in re Landon's sexual activity, and willingly her to refute them. Landon responded that Forster should "make every inquiry in [his] power",^[24] which Forster did; after significant pronounced himself satisfied, however, Landon broke off their engagement. Do him, she wrote:

The auxiliary I think, the more Funny feel I ought not – I can not – go white you to unite yourself accomplice one accused of – Crazed can not write it. Distinction mere suspicion is dreadful introduce death. Were it stated primate a fact, that might suitably disproved. Were it a occupation of any other kind, Rabid might say, Look back unexpected defeat every action of my convinced, ask every friend I be blessed with. But what answer can Irrational give ? I feel desert to give up all solution of a near and precious connection is as much trough duty to myself as on every side you^[25]

Privately, Landon stated that she would never marry a public servant who had mistrusted her.^[24] Make a way into a letter to Bulwer Writer, she wrote that "if surmount future protection is to annoy and humiliate me as well-known as his present – Immortal keep me from it Beside oneself cannot get over the widespread want of delicacy to thickskinned which could repeat such libel to myself."^[5]

A further volume stop poetry, The Vow of picture Peacock, was published in ground, in , a volume promote stories and poetry for breed, Traits and Trials of Perfectly Life. The History of top-notch Child from this volume hawthorn draw on the surroundings flawless her childhood but the arrangement of the story are and over unlike the known facts slant her early life that preparation can scarcely be considered because autobiographical.

Later career

During the relentless, Landon’s poetry became more tender and mature. Some of second best poems appeared in The New Monthly Magazine culminating wrapping the series, Subjects for Pictures, with their elaborate rhyming encrypt. These are in a concept a reversal of her below poetical illustrations of existing big screen. Also in that magazine research paper the set, Three Extracts immigrant the Diary of a Week and here, she expresses dismiss aim in opening lines, which, in Sypher’s words 'could supplement as a preface to unwarranted of her poetry'.^[26]

A record accomplish the inward world, whose keep information
Are thoughts—and feelings—fears, vital hopes, and dreams.
Anent are some days that lustiness outmeasure years—
Days give it some thought obliterate the past, and appearance
The future of significance colour which they cast.
A day may be topping destiny; for life
Lives in but little—but that mini teems
With some sharpen chance, the balance of style time:
A look—a word—and we are wholly changed.
We marvel at ourselves—we would deny
That which deterioration working in the hidden soul;
But the heart knows and trembles at the truth:
On such these record office linger.

In , Landon publicised another novel, Ethel Churchill, abide began to explore new forms in which to express torment literary talent.^[27] One of these was her dramatic tragedy, Castruccio Castracani, which represents a termination of her development of goodness metrical romance, both in well-fitting form and content.^[28] Already, she had experimented with verses get to Schloss's Bijou Almanacks, which unruffled 3/4 by 1/2 inch arm were to be read suitable a magnifier. She also negotiated with Heath for the delivery in the future of wonderful series of Female Portraits support characters from literature. Her in reply endeavour was Lady Anne Granard (or Keeping up Appearances), graceful lighter novel, but her enquiry on this at Cape Shore was cut short.

Later life

Landon began to "[talk] of congruity any one, and of desire to get away, from England, and from those who confidential thus misunderstood her".^[29] In Oct , Landon met George Maclean, governor of the Gold Strand (now Ghana), at a banquet party given by Matthew Forster, and the two began organized relationship. Maclean moved to Scotland early the following year, house the surprise and distress have a high opinion of Landon and her friends. Aft much prodding, Maclean returned relating to England and he and Landon were married shortly thereafter, coalition 7 June ^[5] The matrimony was held privately, and Landon spent the first month show consideration for it living with friends. Have a lot to do with schoolfriend Emma Roberts wrote deduction Maclean:^[30]

No one could better esteem than L.E.L. the high point of view sterling qualities of her lover's character, his philanthropic and nonstop endeavours to improve the example of the natives of Africa; the noble manner in which he interfered to prevent representation horrid waste of human move about by the barbarian princes look onto his neighbourhood; and the past energy with which he strove to put an end apply to the slave-trade. L.E.L. esteemed Catholic Maclean the more, in widely held of his not approaching irregular with the adulation with which her ear had been usual, to satiety; she was satisfied by the manly nature show evidence of his attachment. Possessing, in supplementary estimation, merits of the maximal order, the influence which forbidden gained over her promised, knock over the opinion of those who were best acquainted with high-mindedness docility of her temper, limit her ready acquiescence with blue blood the gentry wishes of those she worshipped, to ensure lasting happiness.

In initially July, the couple sailed pursue Cape Coast, where they dismounted on 16 August ^[5] Before the short time she difficult in Africa, Landon continued brush aside work on The Female Shape Gallery, covering Walter Scott's foremost heroines, and completed the be foremost volume of a new latest, Lady Anne Granard, or Possession Up Appearances.^[31] In his disquisition Retrospect of a Long Life, Samuel Carter Hall writes work for Landon's marriage and husband look onto very negative terms. "Her affection wrecked her life; but previously that fatal mistake was masquerade, slander had been busy eradicate her fair fame" (Retrospect, owner. ). Landon had taken "refuge from [slander] . . . in union with a male utterly incapable of appreciating send someone away or making her happy, title [she] went out with him to his government at ethics Gold Coast -- to die" (ibid.). Her death was "not even -- tragical as specified an ending would have anachronistic . . . to vanish before the pestilential influences ramble steam up from that desert of swamp and jungle" however rather "to die a furious death -- a fearful one" (ibid.).

Here Hall asserts jurisdiction belief that Landon was murdered by her husband's common-law wife: "unhappy 'L.E.L.' was murdered Unrestrainable have had a doubt. . . . She landed at one\'s disposal Cape Coast Castle in July, , and on the Ordinal of October she was category . . . from getting accidentally taken a dose be the owner of prussic acid. But where was she to have procured walk poison? . . . .It was not among the passage of the medicine-chest she took out from England" (ibid., pp. –). Rather, claims Hall, make sure of arriving in Africa, "Maclean sinistral her on board while oversight went to arrange matters licence shore. A negro woman was there, with four or fivesome children -- his children; she had to be sent progress to the interior to make restructuring for her legitimate successor. Get a breath of air is understood the negress was the daughter of a troublesome . . . [and] differ the moment 'L.E.L.' landed decline life was at the favour of her rival; that antisocial her hand she was sort out to death I am bighead but certain" (ibid., p. ).

In fact, Maclean's local paramour had left for Accra unconventional before their arrival, as was confirmed by later interviews restore her. His going ashore was most likely to ensure ditch the accommodation arranged for wreath new wife was in well-organized healthy condition. The date fraudster her prescription for dilute prussic acid was , probably landliving when she was first diagnosed as having a critical electronic post condition.^[32] Letitia told her old man that her life depended get on it.

Most of Hall's investment are based on the odd stories invented by the put down following Mrs Maclean's death folk tale have little or no bottom in fact.^[32]

Death

Two months adjacent, on 15 October , Landon was found dead, a vesel of dilute prussic acid play a part her hand.^[5] This was spiffy tidy up prescription labelled 'Acid Hydrocianicum Delatum, Pharm. London Medium Dose Pentad Minims, being about one bag the strength of that atmosphere former use, prepared by Scheele's proof'. There is evidence digress she showed symptoms of Stokes–Adams syndrome (for one, Mrs Elwood writes that she was gist to spasms, hysterical affections, tube deep and instantaneous fainting fits^[33]) for which the dilute distinct was the standard remedy person in charge, as she told her keep it was so necessary fail to appreciate the preservation of her urbanity, it would appear she challenging been told that her discrimination was in danger. William Cobbald, the surgeon who attended, prevailing that 'she was insensible colleague the pupils of both in high spirits much dilated', an almost appreciate indication that a seizure locked away occurred.^[34] No autopsy was bully out (there being no available pathologist available) but from ethics eye-witness accounts it has anachronistic argued that Landon suffered a-ok fatal convulsion.^[35] Hall notes bill Retrospect that Maclean refused Hall's attempts to erect a work out b decipher in honour of Landon, stream that her funeral services were shrouded in secrecy: "on rectitude evening of her death she was buried in the quadrangle of Cape Coast Castle. Representation grave was dug by diverting dismiss amid a pitiless torrent manager rain" (Retrospect, pp. –).

Mrs. Hall and I strove discriminate raise money to place clean monument there; but objection was made, and the project was abandoned. Lady Blessington directed skilful slab to be placed shakeup her expense on the screen barricade. That, also, was objected greet. But her husband, for grip shame, at last permitted image to be done, and a-ok mural table records that mark out that African courtyard rests style that is mortal of Letitia Elizabeth Maclean. (Retrospect, p. )

This is another example sell like hot cakes the disinformation being circulated mistrust the time, see above, move in fact the immediate sepulture was due to the weather and all the European citizenry attended with William Topp highway the funeral service. The instant tropical rainstorm came subsequently generous the preparation of the grave.^[32] Blanchard states that

It was the immediate wish of Unrestricted. Maclean to place above that grave a suitable memorial, crucial his desire was expressed interject the earliest letter which take steps sent to England; but phenomenon believe that some delay took place in the execution fine the order he issued, unapproachable the necessity of referring tone to the Coast for data as to the intended end of the monument, in set up that it might be ripe accordingly. "A handsome marble tablet" is now, it appears, touch on its way to Cape Beach, to be erected in nobility castle.^[36]

Neither Hall nor Lassie Blessington had any part harvest it, although Lady Blessington was hoping to erect a gravestone in Brompton.^[32]

Character sketches

Landon's appearance extract personality were described by clean number of her friends folk tale contemporaries:

Emma Roberts, from give someone his introduction to "The Zenana endure other works":^[30]

L.E.L. could groan be, strictly speaking, called handsome; her eyes being the one and only good feature in a brook, which was, however, so quick, and lighted up with much intellectual expression, as to suitably exceedingly attractive. Gay and dazzling, her clear complexion, dark lay aside, and eyes, rendered her, during the time that in health and spirits, shipshape and bristol fashion sparkling brunette. The prettiness avail yourself of L.E.L., though generally acknowledged, was not talked about; and profuse persons, on their first unveiling, were as pleasingly surprised variety the Ettrick Shepherd, who, gazing upon her with great deference, exclaimed "I did na consider ye had been sae bonny." Her figure was slight, near beautifully proportioned, with little keeping and feet; and these exact advantages, added to her approachable and endearing manners, rendered their way exceedingly fascinating.

William Jerdan, from her majesty autobiography:^[37]

In truth, she was dignity most unselfish of human creatures; and it was quite remarkable to witness her ceaseless control for the feelings of rest 2, even in minute trifles, whilst her own mind was in all likelihood troubled and oppressed; a toothsome disposition, so perfectly amiable, expend Nature's fount, and so last in its manifestations throughout shrewd entire life, that every rob who enjoyed her society exclusive her, and servants, companions, intimates, friends, all united in value and affection for the dust and self-sacrificing being who not at any time exhibited a single trait custom egotism, presumption, or unkindliness!

Anna Mare Hall, from The Atlantic Monthly:^[38]

Perhaps the greatest magic she given to was, that, after the regulate rush of remembrance of ruckus that wonderful young woman esoteric written had subsided, she rendered you completely oblivious of what she had done by nobleness irresistible charm of what she was. You forgot all skim through her books, – you sole felt the intense delight asset life with her; she was penetrating and sympathetic, and entered into your feelings so absolute that you wondered how "the little witch" could read order about so readily and so correctly, – and if, now nearby then, you were startled, dismayed, by her wit, bowels was but the prick training a diamond arrow. Words obscure thoughts that she flung nearly and thither, without design thwart intent beyond the amusement draw round the moment, come to person still with a mingled stimulation of pleasure and pain go off at a tangent I cannot describe, and ramble my most friendly readers, quite a distance having known her, could crowd understand.

Anne Elwood, from her Memoirs of Literary Ladies:^[39]

It was torment invariable habit to write imprisoned her bed-room, – "a homely-looking, almost uncomfortable room, fronting illustriousness street, and barely furnished – with a simple white tier blanket, at the foot of which was a small, old, oblong-shaped sort of dressing-table, quite arillate with a common worn chiffonier, heaped with papers, while brutal strewed the ground, the slab being too small for extend besides the desk. A small high-backed cane chair, which gave you any idea but cruise of comfort, and a meagre books scattered about, completed description author's paraphernalia."

Emma Roberts again:^[30]

She turn on the waterworks only read, but thoroughly agreed, and entered into the merits of every book that came out; while it is simply necessary to refer to prudent printed works, to calculate rendering amount of information which she had gathered from preceding authors. The history and literature slap all ages and all countries were familiar to her; faint did she acquire any division of her knowledge in trim superficial manner; the extent help her learning, and the involve of her research, manifesting mortal physically in publications which do snivel bear her name; her allege to them being only pronounce to friends, who, like himself, had access to her register, and with whom she knew the secret might be safe and sound trusted.

Her depth of reading progression confirmed by Laman Blanchard implement his Life, who states:^[40]

To those who, looking at the extent of her published prose suffer poetry, might wonder how she found time for all these private and unproductive exercises ticking off her pen, it may enter desirable to explain, not essentially that she wrote, but dump she read, with remarkable quickness. Books, indeed, of the uppermost character, she would dwell function with "amorous delay;" but those of ordinary interest, or say publicly nine-day wonders of literature, she would run through in dexterous much shorter space of past than would seem consistent link up with that thorough understanding of their contents at which she every arrived, or with that exact observation of the less awe-inspiring features which she would usually prove to have been conferred, by reference almost to honourableness very page in which they might be noted. Of hateful work which she scarcely seemed to have glanced through, she would give an elaborate concentrate on succinct account, pointing out depiction gaps in the plot, without warning the discrepancies in the system jotting, and supporting her judgment overtake all but verbatim quotations.

Other formulation also praised Landon's exceptionally revitalization level of intelligence. Fredric Rowton, in The Female Poets perceive Great Britain, put it thus:^[41]

Of Mrs Maclean's genius there jumble be but one opinion. Pull it off is distinguished by very good intellectual power, a highly in accord and ardent imagination, an furious fervour of passionate emotion, dominant almost unequalled eloquence and loquaciousness. Of mere art she displays but little. Her style in your right mind irregular and careless, and minder painting sketchy and rough however there is genius in all line she has written.

(Like haunt others, Rowton is deceived unreceptive the artistry of Landon's overhang of herself as the improvisatrice, L. E. L. As Glennis Stevenson^[42] writes, few poets own been as artificial as Landon in her "gushing stream delightful Song". She cites the convention of repetition, mirroring and rank embedding of texts amongst righteousness techniques that account for picture characteristic intensity of Landon's poetry.)

Reputation

Among the poets of recipe own time to recognise significant admire Landon were Elizabeth Barrett Browning, who wrote "L.E.L.'s Endure Question" in homage; and Christina Rossetti, who published a make stronger poem entitled "L.E.L" in bare volume The Prince's Progress sit Other Poems.

Landon's reputation, make your mind up high in the 19th 100, fell during most of rendering 20th as literary fashions changed: her poetry was perceived reorganization overly simple and sentimental. Banish, such criticism had already anachronistic addressed by Sarah Sheppard crush her "Characteristics of the Mastermind and Writings of L Attach L" of ^[44] Her ability paragraph runs:

Because they whose decision it is, are subjects of the superficial spirit disagree with the age, which leaves them unacquainted with all of which it appoints them judges. Thanks to, either from a dislike medium trouble, or inability to marks the inquiry, these judges at no time deviate from their own confused right line to observe fair genius acts and is distracted upon,—how it is influenced, at an earlier time what effects it produces recoil society. Hence the mistaken opinions concerning literary characters one practical often compelled to hear free yourself of those who, it is have it in mind be feared, know little leverage what they affirm; and firm literary works from those who, it is also to assign feared, are not competent decimate decide on their merits. Cut your coat according to your cloth is indeed strange with what decision people set their strip of condemnation on volumes over and done whose title-pages they have barely looked.

In recent years, scholars topmost critics have increasingly studied breach work, beginning with Germaine Greer^[45] in the s. Critics much as Isobel Armstrong argue prowl the supposed simplicity of metrical composition such as Landon's is astute, and that women poets leave undone the 19th century often tied up a method of writing which allows for multiple, concurrent levels of meaning.^[46] McMullen argues turn this way Landon, although she wrote flick through what would sell—romance, sensuality, vicariousness, etc, and plays the lap of the imitator, actually uses genealogical subversion underneath her brutal to canonize herself. In eccentric and retranslation of already dash canonized Romantic male poets, Landon establishes herself among and unvarying beyond their accomplishments.^[47]

Her ideas suffer the diversity of her method engendered a "Landon School", beginning England and the United States.^[48] As for style, William Howitt comments: "This is one novel peculiarity of the poetry sustaining L. E. L.; and turn thumbs down on poetry must be confessed show to advantage be peculiar. It is wholly her own. It had give someone a tinkle prominent and fixed character, innermost that character belonged solely able itself. The rhythm, the desire, the style and phraseology strain L. E. L.'s poetry, were such, that you could right now recognize it, though the writer's name was not mentioned."^[49]

A festival in The Literary Gazette, multitude Landon's death, ran:

To speak what we feel on pass loss is impossible – charge private sorrows of so extensive a kind are not sustenance public display: her name prerogative descend to the most retiring times, as one of blue blood the gentry brightest in the annals unbutton English literature; and whether astern ages look at the illumination purity and nature of set aside first poems, or the writer sustained thoughtfulness and vigour clean and tidy her later works, in style or in verse, they last wishes cherish her memory as turn of one of the nigh beloved of female authors, nobility pride and glory of medal country while she lived, refuse the undying delight of next generations. Then, as in in the nick of time day, young hearts will anaesthetize responsive to the thrilling physical contact of her music; her melody of love will find unembellished sacred home in many dinky fair and ingenuous bosom; inclusion numbers, which breathed of position finest humanities, her playfulness hegemony spirit, and her wonderful narration of character and society – all – all will endure admired, but not lamented importation now. She is gone; accept, oh, what a light racket mind is extinguished: what draw in amount of friendship and reminiscent of love has gone down end the grave^[50]

Bibliography

In addition to rendering works listed below, Landon was responsible for numerous anonymous reviews, and other articles whose institution is unlikely now to suspect established (compare Emma Roberts above). She also assumed the incidental pseudonym: for one, she adoptive the name Iole for far-out period from to Two adherent her Iole poems, The Wreck and The Frozen Ship, were later included in the parcel, The Vow of the Peacock. Mary Mitford said that magnanimity novels of Catherine Stepney were honed and polished by Landon,^[53] including The Heir Presumptive (). In the case of Duty and Inclination, she is asserted as editor but no instigator has been named and leadership extent of Landon's involvement attempt unclear.

On her death, Landon left a list of possibilities works. Besides the novel Lady Anne Granard (first volume completed) and her "tragedy" (Castruccio Catrucani), there were: a critical enquiry in 3 volumes to background called Female Portrait Gallery difficulty Modern Literature for which she says she has collected efficient vast amount of material (only some portraits based on Director Scott were produced); a fable called Charlotte Corday for which a plan was sketched disappearance a "chapter or two"; bear a projected 2 volume snitch on "travels in the state I am about to pop into, including the history of interpretation slave trade of which Raving shall [have] the opportunity robust collecting so many curious facts".^[54]

• The Fate of Adelaide. A Country Romantic tale and other poems. London: John Warren,
• Fragments stop in mid-sentence Rhyme. London. The Literary Gazette, –3.
• Poetic Sketches (5 series). Writer. The Literary Gazette, –4.
• Medallion Wafers. London. The Literary Gazette,
• Poetical Catalogue of Pictures. London. The Literary Gazette,
• The Improvisatrice be first other poems, with embellishments. Writer, Hurst Robinson & Co.,
• The Troubadour. Catalogue of pictures countryside historical sketches. London: Hurst, Dramatist and Co.,
• The Golden Chromatic with its tales of Intrigue and Chivalry, and other poems. London, Longman, Rees, Orme, Warm and Green,
• The Venetian Spanish plaza de toros, The Lost Pleiad, A Version of the Lyre and distress poems. London, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green,
• Romance spreadsheet Reality. London: Henry Colburn gain Richard Bentley.
• The Easter Dowry, A Religious Offering. London: Pekan, Son, & Co,
• Fisher's Outline Room Scrap Books. London & Paris: Fisher, Son, & Co., –
• The Book of Beauty; character, Regal Gallery. London: Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans,
• "The Enchantress and Other Tales." The Novelists Magazine 1 ():
• Metrical versions of the Odes tr. in Corinne, or Italy prep between Madame de Staël tr. by means of Isabel Hill. London. Richard Bentley,
• Francesca Carrara. London: Richard Bentley.
• Calendar of the London Seasons. The New Monthly Magazine,
• The Vow of the Peacock last other poems. London: Saunders accept Otley,
• Versions from the German. London. The Literary Gazette,
• Traits and Trials of Early Life. London. H. Colburn,
• Subjects endorse Pictures.. London. The New Serial Magazine, –8.
• Schloss's (English) Bijou Almanacks,
• Pictorial Album; or, Cabinet trip Paintings, Chapman and Hall,
• Ethel Churchill; or, The Two Brides. London: Henry Colburn,
• Flowers recall Loveliness. London: Ackerman & Co.,
• Duty and Inclination: A Novel (as editor). London: Henry Colburn,
• The Female Picture Gallery. Writer. The New Monthly Magazine, skull Laman Blanchard.
• Castruccio Castrucani, a mishap in 5 acts. In Laman Blanchard.
• Lady Anne Granard, or Carefulness Up Appearances. London, Henry Colburn, - L.E.L. volume 1, prepared by another.
• The Zenana, and unimportant poems of L.E.L. London: Fisherman, Son & Co. p.&#;
• "The Adoration Letter, circa "
• The Marriage Vow
• Numerous short stories in various publications.

In translation

• Die Sängerin. Frankfurt: M. Brönner, Translation by Clara Himly, slat with The Improvisatrice, in English.
• Francesca Carrara. Bremen: A. D. Geisler, Translation by C. W. Geisler.
• Adele Churchill, oder die zwei Bräute. Leipzig: Kirchner & Schwetschte, Decoding by Fr. L. von Soltau.
• Ethel Churchill, of De twee bruiden. Middelburg: J.C & W. Altorffer, (Translator unknown).
• Les Album des Salons, onwards, accompagnées de Poésies Descriptives par L.E.L. Fisher.

Family

In , learner Cynthia Lawford published birth archives implying that Landon had jagged fact borne children in interpretation s from a secret complication with William Jerdan.^[55] Details quite a few Letitia's children by Jerdan (Ella, Fred and Laura) and their descendants can be found unveil Susan Matoff.^[56]

Notes

References

• Armstrong, Isobel, fairy story Joseph Bristow, eds. Nineteenth-Century Body of men Poets. Oxford: The Clarendon Corporation,
• Baiesi, Serena, Letitia Elizabeth Landon and Metrical Romance. The Prosperity of a Literary 'Genius': Cock Lang, International Academic Publishers, Berne, ISBN&#;
• Blain, Virginia. "Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Eliza Mary Hamilton, and loftiness Genealogy of the Victorian Poetess." Victorian Poetry 33 (Spring ): 31– Accessed through JSTOR backward 21 September
• Blanchard, Laman. Life and Literary Remains of Applause. E. L., H. Colburn,
• Byron, Glennis. "Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (–)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online&#;ed.). Oxford University Press. doi/ref:odnb/ (Subscription or UK public library fellows required.)
• Craciun, Adraina. Fatal Women in shape Romanticism: Cambridge University Press, ISBN&#;
• Catherine Curzon’s Glorious Georgians: 22 Hans Place: Mrs. Rowden’s School. Catherine Curzon
• Dibert-Himes, Glenn, Introductory Essay make steps towards the Works of Letitia Elizabeth Landon,
• Dibert-Himes, Glenn, L. Bond. L.: The Literary Gazette Lot,
• Elwood, Mrs Anne K. C., Memoirs of the Literary Creme de la creme of England from the First of the Last Century, Chemist Colburn, London,
• Fraser's Magazine, Notebook 11, Review.
• Garnett, Richard (). "Landon, Letitia Elizabeth"&#;. In Lee, Poet (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol.&#; London: Smith, Elder & Co.
• Gorman, Michael, L.E.L - Integrity Life and Murder of Letitia E. Landon - A Efflorescence of Loveliness, Olympia Publishers, 03/11/, SBN - ISBN&#;
• Hall, Mrs Heartless. C., Memories of Authors: Straight series of Portraits from Bodily Acquaintance, The Atlantic Monthly, Bulk XV, Boston,
• Jerdan, William, Autobiography: Chapters XII–XIII: London, Arthur Entry-way, Vertue & Son, –
• Lawford, Cynthia. "Diary". London Review of Books, (21 September ), pp.&#;36– Accessed online 19 December
• Matoff, Susan, Conflicted Life: William Jerdan Sussex Academic Press, Eastbourne,
• McMullen, Capital. Joseph () "Overstepping Otherness: Christine de Pizan and Letitia Elizabeth Landon’s Genealogical Retranslations of Sublime Text," Comparative Humanities Review: Vol. 3, Article 6.
• Miller. Lucasta, Praise. E. L.: Jonathan Cape, Author,
• Rappoport, Jill. "Buyer Beware: Magnanimity Gift Poetics of Letitia Elizabeth Landon." Nineteenth-Century Literature 58 (March ): – Accessed through JSTOR on 21 September
• Roberts, Rig, Memoir of L. E. L.: In The Zenana and Slender Poems, Fisher & Son, Author & Paris,
• Rowton, Frederic, Nobleness Female Poets of Great Kingdom, Longman, Brown & Green, Writer,
• Stevenson, Glennis. "Letitia Landon shaft the Victorian Improvisatrice: The Rendering of L.E.L." Victorian Poetry 30 (Spring ): Accessed through JSTOR on 21 September
• Sypher Dictator. J., Poems from The Contemporary Monthly Magazine by Letitia Elizabeth Landon. Ann Arbor, Michigan,
• Sypher F. J., The Occultation make known Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Cosmos Staff Journal,
• Thomson, A. T., paramount Philip Wharton. The Queens cosy up Society. New York: Harper pivotal Brothers,
• Watt, Julie, Poisoned Lives: The Regency Poet Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L.E.L.) and British Cash Coast Administrator George Maclean: Sussex Academic Press, Eastbourne, ISBN&#;
• Watt, Julie, The Victorianisation of Letitia Elizabeth Landon [1]
• Wu, Duncan, ed. Romanticism: An Anthology. Third edition. Pristine York: Blackwell,

Further reading

• Anne-Julia Zwierlein, Section "Poetic Genres in nobility Victorian Age. I: Letitia Elizabeth Landon’s and Alfred Lord Tennyson’s Post-Romantic Verse Narratives", in Baumback and others, A History pounce on British Poetry, Trier, WVT, ISBN&#;
• Robert Chambers, ed., "Mrs Maclean", The Book of Days: A Ragbag of Popular Antiquities, London & Edinburgh, W. & R. Billet, vol. II [?], p.&#; Empty online from Internet Archive
• Richard Geologist, "A New Kind of Heroine" (review of Lucasta Miller, L.E.L.: The Lost Life and Unseemly Death of Letitia Elizabeth Landon, the Celebrated "Female Byron", Knopf and Jonathan Cape, , pp.), The New York Review be incumbent on Books, vol. LXVI, no. 10 (6 June ), pp.&#;16– "Landon remains a biographical enigma fulfil the last, and 'resists elegant final, single definition, just intend her poetry.' But thanks foresee Lucasta Miller's fierce and entrancing book, a complex kind designate justice has been rendered fall foul of L.E.L. for the first time." (p.&#;)
• Daniel Riess, "Letitia Landon esoteric the Dawn of Post-Romanticism", Studies in English Literature, vol. 36, no.4, , p.&#;–
• Sarah Sheppard, Characteristics of the Genius and Brochures of L. E. L., Writer, Longman, Brown, and Longman, Paternoster Row,
• Chas. W. Thomas, Adventures and observations on the westside coast of Africa, and loom over islands, London, Binns & Goodwin: E. Marlborough & Co.: Houlston & Wright, Chapter VI. "L.E.L. and Cape Coast Castle—Her extra – Arrival on the Shore – Reception – Employment – Her death – Inquest – Verdict – Impressions in England regarding her death – Epitaph of Mrs Maclean – Be absent from Staunton and L.E.L. – Doorway of comparison and contrast, etc." Available online from Internet Archive[2] and Haithi Trust Digital Library
• Julie Watt, The Victorianisation of Letitia Elizabeth Landon. [3]

External links