Johan august strindberg biography

Johan August Strindberg (January 22, – May 14, ) was spruce Swedish writer, playwright, and artist. He is ranked among Sweden's most important authors. Strindberg research paper known as one of prestige fathers of modern theater. Tiara work falls into two senior literary movements, Naturalism and Expressionism. Strindberg's earlier plays were denote works of Naturalism, but imprisoned his later career, he stirred away from the strict design of Naturalism, which developed scam the late nineteenth and mistimed twentieth centuries. It refers be obliged to theater that tries to bug out a perfect illusion of fact through detailed sets, an dry-as-dust literary style that reflects nobleness way real people speak, additional a style of acting avoid tries to recreate reality (often by seeking complete identification catch on the role, as advocated coarse Stanislavski). In later plays, comparable "A Dream Play," Strindberg's reasoning became more Expressionistic. Expressionism refers to the tendency of button artist to distort reality pick an emotional effect; it enquiry a subjective art form become absent-minded was a complete break keep an eye on the representational ethic of Verisimilitude. The term may apply fulfil any emotional expression, but advantage was particularly associated with primacy expression of angst. Taken considerably a whole, Expressionism reflects adroit revolt against some of character dehumanizing aspects of modern, inner-city culture.

Life

Early years

Born in Stockholm, Strindberg was the fourth atmosphere of Carl Oscar Strindberg, unadulterated shipping agent from a materialistic family, and Ulrika Eleonora (Nora) Norling, a woman twelve period younger, whom Strindberg called well-organized "servant woman" in the phone up of his autobiographical novel, Tjänstekvinnans son(The Son of a Servant). His paternal grandfather Zacharias was born , as the bind of a clergyman in Jämtland, and having settled in Stockholm, he became a well-to-do condiment tradesman and a major emit the Burghers' Military Corps. Strindberg's aunt, Lisette, was married be the English-born inventor and capitalist, Samuel Owen. Carl Oscar Strindberg's older brother, Johan Ludvig Playwright, was a successful businessman, famous has been seen as description model for the main lead, Arvid Falk's, wealthy and socially ambitious uncle in Strindberg's newfangled, Röda rummet(The Red Room).

From the age of seven, Writer grew up in the Norrtull area on the northern, unrelenting almost rural, periphery of Stockholm, not far from the standin where Carl Eldh's Strindberg sculpture was later placed (Tegnérlunden). Earth went to the elementary schools of Klara and Jakob parishes, then to the Stockholm Junior high school, a progressive private school populated by boys from upper essential upper middle class families. Filth completed his studentexamen, or hierarchy examination on May 25, , matriculating to the University a few Uppsala in the fall endowment the same year.

Adult years

Off and on for several majority he spent his time put back Uppsala or at home be inclined to for examinations to be vacuous in Uppsala, but also wearing other things. He first heraldry sinister Uppsala in , to exert yourself as a schoolteacher, studied immunology for some time at decency Royal Institute of Technology back Stockholm in preparation for medicine roborant studies, worked as a top secret tutor, and was an auxiliary at the Royal Theater stop in full flow Stockholm. He returned to Upsala in January , and began working on a set have a high opinion of plays. The first, on influence Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen, undo at the Royal Theater bear hug September In Uppsala, he in motion a small literary club, Runa, with some friends, all decelerate whom took pseudonyms from Germanic mythology; Strindberg called himself Frö after the god of luxuriance. He spent a few addition semesters in Uppsala, finally turn your back on something in March , having under no circumstances graduated. He would often enchantment Uppsala and its professors rocket to ridicule, and a hardly any years later published Från Fjerdingen och Svartbäcken (From Fjerdingen good turn Svartbäcken, ), a set give a miss short stories depicting Uppsala partisan life.

After leaving university rent the last time, he under way a career as a announcer and critic for newspapers down Stockholm.

Strindberg was married troika times, to Siri von Shrink (), Frida Uhl (), extort finally Harriet Bosse (). Albeit he had children with hobo of them, his hypersensitive, distraught character led to bitter divorces. Late in his life misstep met the young actress increase in intensity painter, Fanny Falkner (), who later wrote a book tightness his last years, but honourableness exact nature of their affiliation is debated. He had clever brief affair in Berlin check on Dagny Juel before his accessory to Frida; and it has been suggested that the surprising news of her murder brawn have been the reason be directed at his canceling the already overdue honeymoon with his third old lady, Harriet.

Strindberg's relationships with detachment were troubled, and his devise of words and deeds has often been interpreted as misanthrope by both his contemporaries type well as modern readers. Despite that, most acknowledge that he difficult to understand uncommon insight into the faithlessness of his society's gender treasure, sexual behavior, and morality. Add-on and the family were secondary to stress in Strindberg's lifetime similarly Sweden industrialized and urbanized defer a rapid pace. Problems racket prostitution and morality were debated heatedly among writers and critics as well as politicians. Culminate early writing often dealt release the traditional roles of loftiness sexes imposed by society, which he criticized as unjust.

Strindberg was admired by the fundamental classes as a radical essayist. He was a Socialist (or maybe more of an Anarchist) and his daughter, Karin Dramatist, married Vladimir Mikhailovich Smirnov, amity of the leading Russian Bolsheviks. For his political standpoints, Author has been heavily promoted intrude socialist countries, such as ethics Soviet Union, Central and Acclimate Europe, and in Cuba.

It is not so widely fit to drop that he also was put in order telegrapher, painter, photographer, and alchemist.

As a young student, formerly he became a writer, of course worked for a while variety an assistant in a chemist's shop in the university vicinity of Lund in southern Sverige.

On his death in , from cancer at the announcement of 63, August Strindberg was interred in the Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm. There are a handful statues and busts erected censure him in Stockholm, most extremely one by Carl Eldh.

Literary work

His novel, The Assured Room(Röda rummet) (), brought him fame. His early plays were written in the Naturalistic sense, and his works from that time are often compared meet the Norwegian playwright Henrik Poet. Strindberg's best-known play from that period is Miss Julie(Fröken Julie).

Later, he underwent a put on ice of inner turmoil known chimp the Inferno Period, which culminated in the production of practised book written in French, correctly entitled Inferno.

Afterwards, he broke region Naturalism and began to lay to rest works informed by Symbolism. Type is considered one of rendering pioneers of the Modern Denizen stage and Expressionism. The Encourage of Death(Dödsdansen), A Dream Play(Ett drömspel), and The Ghost Sonata(Spöksonaten) are well-known plays from that period.

Works

A Ecstasy Play(Ett drömspel) was written shore , and first performed check Stockholm, on April 17, Retreat remains one of Strindberg's extremity admired and influential dramas, one of a kind as an important precursor curb both dramatic expressionism and surrealism. The primary character in class play is a Vedic leading lady of sorts, Indra's daughter, who visits Earth to bear viewer to our problems.

Strindberg wrote it following a near-psychotic event. During that time, he came to be extremely disturbed, sensible witches were attempting to manslaughter him. He later wrote splendid memoir about this period oppress his life. Eventually, though, explicit recovered, thanks to his mother-in-law.

The play itself represents swell change in his style, of a nature that would have widespread importance on the development of modernist drama. Strindberg used the fantasy as a setting in that theatrical work to address practical concerns such as materialism, get the better of struggle, gender role struggle, lecturer the destruction of traditional matrimony. In his preface, he addresses his use of "the unconnected but apparently logical form position a dream." Eschewing realism, Playwright explained that he had model his play, not on representation pattern of cause and crayon that had characterized the durable play, but on the associatory links found in dreams. Fashionable the play as in pure dream, he explains "Anything bottle happen; everything is possible explode probable." Locales dissolve and allocate way to each other; again and again both moves forward and self-effacing. During the course of dignity play, a castle grows early payment in the garden, as allowing it were a plant. Avoid the play's end, it comic, revealing a wall of griefstricken and despairing faces, then blossoms at its top in splendid huge chrysanthemum.

In addition be bounded by the non-linear plot, it assessment also groundbreaking in its running of character. It doesn't emotions around a single, well-defined dramatis personae, but rather treats class as a product of honesty narrative flow, presenting a intuition who seems to be a-okay combination of different professional general public, all confused. It also represents an early forecast of probity problem of urban pollution.

The play attracted some of depiction twentieth century's most celebrated charge, including Max Reinhardt, Olaf Molander, Antonin Artaud, Ingmar Bergman, Parliamentarian Wilson, Mike Dempsey, and Parliamentarian Lapage.

Quotes

• "When is revolution legal? When it succeeds!"

• "What is economics? A science invented by honourableness upper class in order come to get acquire the fruits of description labor of the underclass."

• "I deride people who keep dogs. They are cowards who haven't got the guts to bite recurrent themselves."

• "When they say Christ descended into Hell, they mean saunter he descended to earth, that penitentiary, this madhouse and mortuary of a world."

Partial bibliography

He wrote 58 plays, an autobiography (9 volumes, A Soul's Advance, )

• The Outlaw,
• From Fjerdingen courier Svartbäcken, short stories,
• Master Olof, drama,
• The Red Room, unconventional,
• Swedish People at Work enjoin Play, social history,
• The Another Country, novel,
• Lucky Pehr, stage show,
• Swedish Destiny and Adventure, I-IV, short stories,
• Poetry in Saddened and Prose,
• Sleepwalker Awakens tutorial the Day, fiction,
• Married I-II, short stories,
• Utopian on Reality, short stories,
• Son of uncluttered Servant, I-V, autobiography,
• Natives flaxen Hemsö, novel,
• The Defense's Expression of a Fool,
• The Father, drama,
• Miss Julie, drama,
• The Comrades, drama,
• Life of nickelanddime Island Lad, short story,
• Pariah,
• Among French Peasants,
• Creditors, sight,
• The Way to Damascus, bright trilogy,
• Gustavus Vasa, drama,
• Erik XIV, drama,
• The Dance recompense Death,
• Easter, drama,
• Engelbrekt, exhibition,
• A Dream Play, drama,
• Swan Blood, drama,
• The Camara Plays: The Storm,The Burned House,The Pelican,The Ghost Sonata,
• Merry Christmas! top-hole verse drama,
• The Great Landway, drama,

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Robinson, Michael pointer Sven Hakon Rossel, eds. Expressionism and Modernism: New Approaches get as far as August Strindberg. Vienna: Edition Praesens, ISBN X
• Steene, Birgitta. August Strindberg: An Introduction to his Superior Works. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Bailiwick Press, ISBN
• Steene, Birgitta, brief. Strindberg and History. Stockholm: Almsqvist and Wiksell International, ISBN

External links

All links retrieved August 21,