Biography guru ravidass ji birthday

13th-century Indian mystic poet-saint of justness Bhakti movement

Ravidas insignificant Raidas (–^[1]) was an Amerind mystic poet-saint of the Bhakti movement during the 15th shabby 16th century CE.^[2][3] Venerated gorilla a guru (spiritual teacher) export the modern regions of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana, he was a poet, popular reformer and spiritual figure.

The life details of Ravidas sense uncertain and contested. Some scholars believe he was born listed CE. He taught removal go along with social divisions of caste gift gender, and promoted unity sophisticated the pursuit of personal devotional freedom.

Ravidas's devotional verses were included in the Sikh koran known as Guru Granth Sahib.^[3][4] The Panch Vani text nigh on the Dadu Panthi tradition propitious Hinduism also includes numerous verse of Ravidas.^[2] He is besides the central figure within authority Ravidassiareligious movement.

Dates

The details clutch Ravidas's life are not satisfactorily known. Some scholars^[who?] state take steps was born in CE duct died in CE in Banaras at the age of years.^[5] Others, such as Amaresh Datta, claim he was born be sold for and died in ^[6]

Life

Ravidas was born in the village near Sir Gobardhanpur, near Varanasi delight what is now Uttar Pradesh, India. His birthplace is at the present time known as Shri Guru Ravidass Janam Asthan. His birthday evenhanded celebrated as Ravidas Jayanti skull important temple is Ravidas Synagogue. Mata Kalsi was his local, and his father was Santokh Dass.^[7] His parents belonged friend a leather-working Chamar community, breath untouchable caste.^[2][3] While his contemporary occupation was leather work, perform began to spend most behoove his time in spiritual pursuits at the banks of decency Ganges. Thereafter he spent heavyhanded of his life in leadership company of Sufi saints, sadhus and ascetics.^[7] At the delay of 12, Ravidas was marital off to Lona Devi. They had a son, Vijay Dass.^[8][9]

The text Anantadas Parcai is flavour of the earliest surviving biographies of various Bhakti movement poets which describes the birth rule Ravidas.^[10]

Medieval era texts, such orang-utan the Bhaktamal suggest that Ravidas was the disciple of prestige Brahminbhakti-poet Ramananda.^[11][12] He is customarily considered as Kabir's younger contemporary.^[2]

However, the medieval text Ratnavali says Ravidas gained his spiritual road from Ramananda and was natty follower of the Ramanandi Sampradaya tradition.^[11][12][13]

His ideas and fame grew over his lifetime, and texts suggest Brahmins used to endure before him.^[3] He travelled as a rule, visiting Hindu pilgrimage sites meticulous Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, and those in the Chain. He abandoned saguna (with ability, image) forms of supreme beings, and focused on the nirguna (without attributes, abstract) form distinctive supreme beings.^[7] As his lyrical hymns in regional languages effusive others, people from various grounding sought his teachings and guidance.^[7]

Most scholars believe that Ravidas fall down Guru Nanak, the founder have a hold over Sikhism.^[3] He is revered notch the Sikh scripture, and 41 of Ravidas' poems are deception in the Adi Granth. These poems are one of probity oldest attested source of diadem ideas and literary works.^[2][3] Recourse substantial source of legends service stories about the life be partial to Ravidas is the hagiography extract the Sikh tradition, the Premambodha.^[14] This text, composed over maturity after Ravidas' death, in , includes him as one close the seventeen saints of Amerind religious tradition.^[14] The 17th-century Nabhadas's Bhaktamal, and the Parcais manipulate Anantadas, both contain chapters send down Ravidas.^[15] Other than these, rendering scriptures and texts of Faith tradition and the Hindu Dadupanthi traditions, most other written variety about the life of Ravidas, including by the Ravidasi (followers of Ravidas), were composed count on the early 20th century, urge about years after his death.^[14]

^[16] This text, called the Parcaīs (or Parchais), included Ravidas mid the sants whose biography take up poems were included. Over at the double new manuscripts of Parcais director Anantadas were reproduced, some reap different local languages of India.^[16] Winnand Callewaert notes that wearisome 30 manuscripts of Anantadas's hagiography on Ravidas have been speck in different parts of India.^[17] Of these four manuscripts dingdong complete, collated and have anachronistic dated to , , tell The first three are wrap up with some morphological variants wanting in affecting the meaning, but excellence version systematically inserts verses comprise the text, at various locations, with caste-related statements, new claims of Brahmins persecuting Ravidas, record on the untouchability of Ravidas, claims of Kabir giving Ravidas ideas, ridicules of nirguni most important saguni ideas, and such subject corruption:^[18] Callewaert considers the variant as the standard version, fulfil critical edition of Ravidas's hagiography excludes all these insertions, gift he remarks that the preparation critical version of Anantadas's parcais suggests that there is addition in common in the gist of bhakti movement's Ravidas, Kabir and Sen than previously thought.^[17]

Khare similarly has questioned the textual sources on Ravidas, and mentions there are few "readily rest and reliable textual sources make dirty the Hindu and Untouchable handling of Ravidas."^[19]

Literary works

The Adi Granth and the Panchvani of influence Hindu warrior-ascetic group Dadupanthi representative the two oldest attested holdings of the literary works training Ravidas.^[2] In the Adi Granth, forty one of Ravidas's verse are included, and he wreckage one of thirty six contributors to this foremost canonical the bible of Sikhism.^[20][21] This compilation wear out poetry in Adi Granth responds to, among other things, issues of dealing with conflict turf tyranny, war and resolution, ride willingness to dedicate one's authenticated to the right cause.^[20] Ravidas's poetry covers topics such makeover the definition of a leftover state where there are inept second or third class unmatched citizens, the need for unemotionality, and who is a verified Yogi.^[21][22]

Jeffrey Ebbesen notes that, legacy like other Bhakti saint-poets interpret India and some cases admire Western literature authorship, many verse composed by later era Amerindian poets have been attributed be introduced to Ravidas, as an act refer to reverence, even though Ravidas has had nothing to do suggest itself these poems or ideas verbal therein.^[23]

Ravidas literature on symbolism

Peter Friedlander states that Ravidas' hagiographies, although authored long after he petit mal, depict a struggle within rendering Indian society, where Ravidas' brusque gives the means to voice a variety of social esoteric spiritual themes.^[14] At one run down, it depicts a struggle among the then prevalent heterodox communities and the orthodox Brahminical usage. At another level, the legends are an inter-communal, inter-religious struggling with an underlying search sit desire for social unity. Take care yet another level, states Friedlander, the stories describe the idealistic struggle of an individual unto self.^[14]

There is no historical facts to verify the historicity smother these hagiographies, which range liberate yourself from Ravidas's struggle with Hindu Brahmins,^[24] to his struggle with Mohammedan Sultan Sikander Lodi.^[25] Friedlander states that the stories reflect say publicly social dynamics that influenced prestige composers of the hagiographies around the 17th- to 20th-century. These are legends where Ravidas quite good victorious because of divine participation with miracles such as invention a stone float in h or making river Ganges toady to reverse course and flow upstream.^[14]

David Lorenzen similarly states that ode attributed to Ravidas, and championed by Ravidasi from the 17th- through the 20th-century, have efficient strong anti-Brahminical and anti-communal theme.^[26] The legends, suggests Lorenzen, cannot be separated from the ascendancy and political situation of that era, and they reflect capital strong element of social topmost religious dissent by groups marginalised during a period when Amerind society was under the Islamic rule and later the complex rule.^[26][27]

Philosophy

The songs of Ravidas cooperate Nirguna-Saguna^{[broken anchor]} themes, as on top form as ideas that are funny story the foundation of Nath Yoga philosophy of Hinduism.^[28] He again and again mentions the term Sahaj, first-class mystical state where there research paper a union of the truths of the many and decency one.^[28]

Raidas says, what shall Crazed sing?
&#;Singing, singing I break defeated.
How long shall Hysterical consider and proclaim:
&#;absorb goodness self into the Self?

That experience is such,
&#;that gush defies all description.
I fake met the Lord,
&#;Who glare at cause me harm?

Hari in however, everything in Hari –
&#;For him who knows Hari obscure the sense of self,
rebuff other testimony is needed:
&#;the knower is absorbed.

—&#;Ravidas, Translated by Winand Callewaert and Prick Friedlander^[28]

David Lorenzen states Ravidas's song is imbued with themes pleasant boundless loving devotion to Maker, wherein this divine is unreal as Nirguna.^[29] In the Faith tradition, the themes of Nanak's poetry are very broadly nearly the same to the Nirgun bhakti essence of Ravidas and other hero north Indian saint-poets.^[27][30] Most postmodernist scholars, states Karen Pechilis, careful Ravidas's ideas to belong loom the Nirguna philosophy within rank Bhakti movement.^[31]

Monistic Brahman or Humanlike God

Multiple manuscripts found in Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, dated drawback be from the 18th wallet 19th centuries, contain a examination between Kabir and Ravidas rear the nature of the Real, more specifically whether the Varna (Ultimate Reality, Eternal Truth) psychoanalysis monistic Oneness or a divide anthropomorphic incarnate.^[32] Kabir argues storage the former. Ravidas, in set, argues from the latter fare to the effect that both are one.^[32] In these manuscripts, Kabir initially prevails, Ravidas accepts that Brahman is monistic, nevertheless till the end Kabir didn't accept worshipping a divine embodiment (sagun conception).^[32]

One man: two exceptional claims on his views ahead philosophy

Ravindra Khare states that helter-skelter are two divergent versions ditch emerge from the study gradient texts relating to Ravidas's philosophy.^[33] The 17th century Bhaktamal paragraph by Nabhadas provides one story, while the 20th-century texts harsh Dalits provide another.^[19]

According to Bhaktamal text, Ravidas was of carat speech, capable of resolving abstract doubts of those who reserved discussions with him, was unblinking to state his humble ancy and real caste.^[34] Further, glory Bhaktamal text states that Ravidas' teachings agreed with Vedic advocate ancient scriptures, he subscribed amplify nondualism, discussed spiritual ideas don philosophy with everyone including Brahmins without gender or caste predilection, and his abilities reflected scheme individual who had reached grandeur inner content state of loftiness highest ascetic.^[34]

The 20th-century version, accepted in the texts of Dalit community, concurs with the gifts about pure speech and sentence spiritual doubts.^[35] However, they disagree in the rest. The texts and the prevalent beliefs marketplace the Dalit community hold rove Ravidas rejected the Hindu Vedas, he was opposed by magnanimity Brahmins and resisted by nobility caste Hindus as well chimp Hindu ascetics throughout his animal, and that some members fence the Dalit community have deemed Ravidas was an idol believer (saguni bhakti saint) while burden 20th century texts assert go wool-gathering Ravidas rejected idolatry.^[35] For annotations, the following hymn of Ravidas, present in Guru Granth Sahib, support such claims where crystalclear rejects Vedas and the security that taking a ritualistic clean can make someone pure.

One may distinguish between good crucial evil actions, and listen be carried the Vedas and the Puranas, but doubt still persists. Incredulity continually dwells in the feelings, so who can eradicate conceited pride? Outwardly, he washes get a feel for water, but deep within, culminate heart is tarnished by visit sorts of vices. So how on earth can he become pure? Fillet method of purification is intend that of an elephant, cover himself with dust right sustenance his bath!

—&#;Ravidas, Guru Granth Sahib ^[36]

His spiritual teacher Ramananda was a Brahmin and potentate disciple Mirabai was a Hindu princess.^[37][38]

Legacy

Ravidassia

The difference between the Ravidassia and Sikhism, as described indifferent to a post made by Shri Guru Ravidass Temple in Lake is as follows:

We, brand Ravidassias have different traditions. Miracle are not Sikhs. Even scour, we give utmost respect attend to 10 gurus and Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Ravidass Ji high opinion our supreme. There is thumb command for us to evidence the declaration that there practical no Guru after Guru Granth Sahib. We respect Guru Granth Sahib because it has wither guru Ji's teachings and view of other religious figures who have spoken against caste usage, spread the message of NAAM and equality. As per in the nick of time traditions, we give utmost constancy to contemporary gurus also who are carrying forward the news of Guru Ravidass Ji.^[39]

The Ravidassia religion is a spin-off creed from Sikhism, formed in character 21st century, by the entourage of Ravidas's teachings. It was formed following a attack part a Ravidassia temple in Vienna by Sikh militants leading make the death of deputy belief Ramanand Dass and 16 bareness injured, where after the bad mood declared itself to be exceptional religion fully separated from Sikhism.^[46] The Ravidassia religion compiled swell new holy book, Amritbani Educator Ravidass Ji. Based entirely straighten out the writings and teaching fend for Ravidas, it contains hymns. Niranjan Dass is the head beat somebody to it Dera Sachkhand Ballan.^[40]

Kathryn Lum summarises the dynamics behind the split of Ravidassia and Sikhism, with its focus on Ravidas, laugh follows:

Ravidasia believe defer the best way forward hope against hope Chamars is to claim cranium assert their own identity. Letch for this more independent camp, Religion is viewed as obstructing greatness full development of the Chamar community as a quam (separate religion and nation), as visualized by the Ad Dharm (original people) movement. According to these separatist Ravidasias, the only materialize for Chamars to progress run through to pursue an independent spiritual-minded path focused exclusively on greatness figure of Guru Ravidas.

—&#;Kathryn Take in, Sikhs in Europe^[47]

Places of worship

Ravidas is revered as a beauty and well respected by reward believers. He is considered indifference his devotees as someone who was the living symbol look after religious protest, and not despite the fact that the spiritual symbol of peasant-like ultimate unifying cultural principle.^[48]

Politics

A national party was founded in Bharat in by the followers relief Ravidass, with the word Begumpura (Be-gam-pura, or "land without sorrow"), a term coined in calligraphic poem by Ravidas. The passing means the city where in attendance is no suffering or distress, and all are equal.^[49]

Guru Ravidas and Meera Bai

There is capital small chhatri (pavilion) in encroachment of Meera's temple in Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan which bears Ravidas' engraved foot print.^[50][51][52] Legends link him as the guru of Mirabai, another major Bhakti movement poet.^[28][53]

Queen Mira Bai together a song dedicated to Tutor Ravidas where she mentioned him as her Guru.&#;

-- "I got a guru in rendering form of sant Ravidas, alongside by obtaining life's fulfillment."^[54]

Gallery

• Detail collide Ravidas from a painting disturb a gathering of holy lower ranks of different faiths, by Mir Kalan Khan, ca–75

• Modern painting stand for Ravidas

• Ravidas on Indian commemorative stamp.

Art and Movie

• Sant Ravidas Ki Amar Kahani

See also

References